Lung Tuberculosis

Etiology

Tuberculosis is caused by tuberculosis bacteria mikrobakterium and mikrobakterium bovis tuberculosis. This bacterium has a size of 0,5-4 micron X 0,3-0,6 micron rod-shaped, thin, straight or slightly curved, with granular or does not have a jacket, but have a thick outside layer consists of a lipoid (especially mikolat acid) are can survive for color washing with acid and alcohol, so-called basil-resistant acid (BTA), resistant to chemical and physical substances, and the resistance in dry and cold, dorman and are aerob
The bacteria is dead on heating 100 degrees celsius for 5-10 minutes or heating at 60 derajad celsius for 30 minutes, with alcohol also can be 70-95% for 15-30 seconds. This bacteria can survive diudara free suit 1-2 hours, especially at the moist and humid (bebulan can, but not resistant to light and air flow.

Transmission

Tuberculosis is spread through the air (droplet nuclei) when a TB patient coughs and spray saliva contains bacteria that are terhirup by others during breathing. When people cough, sneeze, or speak when dealing with other people, tersembur tuberculosis bacillus and tuberculosis terhisap into healthy people. Inkubasinya period of 3-6 months.



Risk of infection related dengang quality and long shelf infweksi with the source and not berhubungandengan genetic factors and other factors penjaqmu. Most high-risk disease on the development of children aged under 3 years old, low-risk in the child, and increased in adolescence, young adulthood and old age. Baktetri entry through the respiratory channel and can be spread through other body kebagian blood circulation, limfe channel, or directly to a nearby organ.
One of the BTA (+) the degree of positive potential to transmit disease. Conversely, patients denganBTA (-) is considered tiak transmit. Figures diIndonesia risk of infection of 1-3 percent which means that among 100 people found 1-3 infected TB. Half of them will akan BTA-positive (0.5%).

Symptoms And Alerts

Someone defined as a suspect when people with tuberculosis tuberculosis symptoms found kelinis major (cardinal symtom) on himself. Symptoms on the main suspects are:
1. Berdahak cough more than 3 weeks,
2. coughing up blood,
3. shortness of breath,
4. chest pain,
5. sweat at the day,
6. fever is not high / fell dizzy, and
7. decrease in body weight.
With the new strategy (Dots, direcly observed treatment shortcourse), the main symptoms are cough berdahak and / or ongoing for 3 weeks or more. Based on the complaint, someone dapt defined as TB suspects. Sputum or suspected of suffering from TB are required to be examined with the microscopic examination.

Laboratory

Menegakan for diagnosis of tuberculosis disease laboratory examination to be done to find the BTA (+). Examination that is conducted with the bacterial culture examination but the expensive cost and long results.
Sputum examination method (not saliva) when, during the morning (SPS) with a microscopic examination requires approximately 5 ml of sputum, and usually use hot denganmetode coloring Ziehl Neelsen (Zn) or cold Kinyoun coloration-Gabbet according to Tan Thiam Hok. When the two times of examination results obtained BTA (+), then the patient is declared tuberculosis have a positive tuberculosis.

TB diagnosis scheme Lung ON PEOPLE DEWASA




X-RAY PHOTO People with TB


Etiologi


Medicine

Tuberculosis treatment tuberculosis using the anti-tuberculosis drugs (oat) with the method direcly obsrved treatment shortcourse (Dots).
1. That I
(2HRZE/4H3R3) for tuberculosis TB patients
2. Category II
(2HRZES/HRZE/5H3R3E3) for patient test results (patient treatment category that I will fail or patients who relapse)
3. Category III
(2HRZ/4H3R3) for patients with a new examination BTA (-), Ro (+)
4. Insertion
(HRZE) is used as an additional examination when the end of intensive phase of treatment with a category 1 or category II found BTA (+)

Drugs drunk while one (1) hour before breakfast.